Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

达州市花椒产业发展现状与对策

文章通过对达州市花椒产业发展现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出了促进达州花椒产业健康发展的对策。     

高压雾化设备在现代农业中的应用

高压雾化设备指利用高压雾化主机将经过精密过滤处理的水,输送到造雾专用高压管网,最后到达造雾专用喷头喷出成雾的系统。高压雾化设备在现代农业中主要应用在设施农业降温、加湿、植保以及景观等方面。其中,设施温室降温时依据地域的气候条件、系统投资、后期维护费用、运行费用、降温效果以及对温室湿度的影响等各种因素,来综合考虑高压雾化与其他降温方式联合使用降温,以期达到最佳效果。根据工程项目使用高压雾化设备的经验总结了相关建议,以期为实际生产提供参考。     

蛋鸡育成期和产蛋高峰期生殖激素水平及激素受体基因表达规律研究

【目的】探究蛋鸡育成期和产蛋高峰期相关生殖激素含量及其受体基因mRNA表达量在24 h内的变化规律与差异,分析血液生殖激素含量变化与产蛋排卵行为的关系。【方法】以育成期和产蛋高峰期的罗曼蛋鸡为研究对象,监测其在产蛋高峰期的产蛋时间点,运用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定2个时期蛋鸡血液中前列腺素(PGs)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)含量在24 h内的动态变化,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测相应时间点的前列腺素F受体(PTGFR)、雌激素受体(ERα)、促卵泡素受体(FSHR)和黄体生成素受体(LHR)基因mRNA在输卵管子宫部的日表达水平。【结果】蛋鸡产蛋时间集中在早上08:00-10:00。产蛋高峰期时,一天中06:00、10:00、14:00、18:00的PGs含量显著高于育成期(P0.05),E2含量在06:00和18:00极显著高于育成期(P0.01),FSH含量在18:00显著高于育成期(P0.05),LH含量在14:00、22:00和02:00显著高于育成期(P0.05)。育成期除LH外,其余3种激素含量在一天中波动不大。产蛋高峰期PGs含量在产蛋前显著高于产蛋后,PTGFR mRNA表达量在产蛋前后4 h均显著(P0.05)升高;FSH和E2含量在产蛋后(18:00)极显著(P0.01)上升。子宫组织的激素受体基因表达量变化与相应血液激素含量变化一致。【结论】蛋鸡产蛋时间集中于上午,产蛋高峰期各生殖激素含量总体高于育成期,蛋鸡育成期和产蛋高峰期的血液生殖激素水平变化规律与输卵管子宫部激素受体基因mRNA表达量的变化规律基本一致。PGs参与蛋鸡产蛋高峰期的产蛋和排卵过程,E2和FSH可能在蛋壳形成过程中发挥调控作用。     

宽口裂腹鱼消化系统解剖和组织学观察

该研究采用解剖、石蜡切片和HE染色法对宽口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax eurystomus)消化系统解剖特征和组织切片进行观察。结果显示,其消化管管壁由内向外分别为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜,主要差别在于黏膜层和肌层。食道黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,上皮间分布有大量杯状细胞;前肠和中肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,明显可见刷状缘、杯状细胞和淋巴细胞分布其间;后肠黏膜上皮为假复层柱状上皮,其间也有杯状细胞和淋巴细胞分布,肠道中杯状细胞由前至后逐渐增多。食道肌层为内环外纵的骨骼肌;前肠肌层为内环外纵的平滑肌;中肠和后肠为内螺旋外环行的平滑肌。消化腺由肝脏和胰腺组成,胰腺弥散状分布在肝脏中,肝小叶不明显。研究表明,宽口裂腹鱼消化系统组织学特征与其食性具有适应性。     

河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带沙丘不同生境沙拐枣种群扩张特征研究

本研究以河西走廊荒漠绿洲边缘关键天然固沙植物沙拐枣为研究对象,对流动沙丘、固定沙丘不同生境的沙拐枣种群扩张特征进行调查,旨在更全面地认识其种群扩张特征和对干旱高温环境的适应对策。结果表明：（1）沙丘不同生境,沙拐枣种群扩张方式存在显著差异：在流动沙丘,丘间低地和过渡带以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖为辅;迎风坡和背风坡以无性繁殖为主;而随着流动沙丘固定,种群以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖数量和所占比重显著下降,并导致种群数量下降。（2）不同生境中沙拐枣种群密度与年龄均呈显著负相关,种群以幼龄苗为主,种群最大年龄出现在丘间低地,为36龄。（3）流动沙丘不同生境根状茎主要为2年生,多年生根状茎长度较短;而固定沙丘不同生境根状茎年龄结构较为均衡。     

川渝地区地方和育成大豆品种SSR标记多样性分析?

利用基本均匀分布于大豆20条染色体的135对SSR标记，对232份包括6个地方品种地域亚群和1个育成品种亚群进行全基因组扫描。结果表明：所有的标记都有多态性，所有检测到的位点都是纯合基因型，说明所选用品种高度纯合，每个标记存在2～4个等位变异，平均2.66个。亚群多态信息含量变异范围0.2751-0.3165，整个群体为0.3208；亚群内Nei遗传距离变异范围0.325 8～0.359 4，整个群体为0.3711，说明川渝地区大豆遗传变异较小。亚群间的遗传一致度（GI ≥ 0.8862）较高，亚群间遗传距离（GD ≤ 0.1208）较小，地方品种亚群间遗传差异更小，育成品种亚群与自然地域亚群的遗传差异相对较大。亚群间基因分化系数（Fst）平均为 0.0722，基因流（Nm）平均为 3.214，说明不同亚群之间存在一定的基因交流。主坐标分析表明第一、二和三主成分分别解释总变异的4.97%、3.54%和3.33%。来自同一区域的品种资源基本聚集在同一亚群，聚类分析同样表明同一自然地域亚群品种资源虽不能完全聚集到同一个遗传类群中，但具有一定的聚集效应，说明川渝大豆品种资源遗传变异与地理位置有一定的关系。分子方差分析表明亚群内变异占总变异的97%，亚群间变异仅占总变异的3%。Mantel收敛分析表明地方品种自然地域亚群的遗传距离与所处的地理位置距离（纬度和海拔）呈显著的正相关关系（R2=0.723）。川渝地区大豆种质资源群体遗传丰富度不高，当前的育成品种未蕴含本地区所有遗传变异。     

Reduction in cadmium accumulation in japonica rice grains by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of OsNRAMP5

Cadmium (Cd) intake is harmful to human health and Cd contamination in rice grains represents a severe threat to those consuming rice as a staple food. Knockout of Cd transporters is a promising strategy to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains. OsNRAMP5 is the major transporter for Cd and manganese (Mn) uptake in rice. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether knockout of OsNRAMP5 is applicable to produce low Cd rice without affecting plant growth and grain yield. In this study, we adopted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology to knock out OsNRAMP5 in two japonica varieties. We generated three independent transgene-free osnramp5 mutants and investigated the effect of osnramp5 mutations on Cd accumulation and plant growth. Hydroponic experiments showed that plant growth and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced in osnramp5 mutants at low Mn conditions, and this defective growth in the mutants could be fully rescued by supply of high levels of Mn. Cd and Mn accumulation in both roots and shoots was markedly reduced in the mutants compared to that in wild-type plants. In paddy field experiments, although Cd in flag leaves and grains was greatly reduced in osnramp5 mutants, some agronomic traits including plant height, seed setting rate, and grain number per panicle were affected in the mutants, which ultimately caused a mild reduction in grain yield. The reduced plant growth in the mutants can be attributed to a marked decrease in Mn accumulation. Our results reveal that the manipulation of OsNRAMP5 should be treated with caution: When assessing the applicability of osnramp5 mutants, soil pH and soil water content in paddy fields need to be taken into consideration, since they might affect the levels of available Mn in the soil and consequently determine the effect of the mutation on grain yield.     

兴宁市优质稻高产品种种植示范及其配套技术

近几年来兴宁市积极推广优质稻的生产,种植面积逐年增加。结合兴宁市优质稻栽培实践,总结了目前的示范推广情况,最后提出了配套的技术要点。     

翻心型大白菜新品种连狮1 号的选育

连狮1 号是以连云港地区菜农提供的中狮头自留种为原始种，经4 代自交提纯选育成的大白菜新品种。株型紧凑， 整齐度较好，叶球为长筒翻心形，叶片呈长倒卵形，叶表面具有较深核桃纹并带稀疏茸毛。株高35 cm，外叶数约10 片， 叶球高28～32 cm、横径22～27 cm，单个叶球质量3.5～4.0 kg，每667 m² 叶球产量4 700 kg 左右，净菜率达83%。生育期 为90～95 d（天），田间抗病毒病、霜霉病、根肿病能力优于对照中狮头，适合在江苏、安徽、山东等地及其相近气候条件 地区秋季种植。